Early Literacy 321 Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• When a student misreads a word in context, what is a productive teacher response?
• Which memory holds information temporarily for manipulation during cognitive tasks?
• Which component of 3PV3RQ focuses on linking content to the learner's experiences?
• How does making a text-to-self connection influence a reader's comprehension?
• Part of one's working memory for verbal information, involving short-term storage of phonological input and rehearsal is called?
• If an ELL reads the word startled as estart, how should the teacher correct the error?
• Why is instructional intensity important for learners with executive function difficulties?
• Why are Tier 2 words often the target of instruction?
• Which text organization presents events in the sequence they occurred?
• Words of Old English tend to be which type?
• In RTI, what is the primary purpose of tiered instruction?
• What term describes words that sound the same and often have the same spelling but different meanings?
• Since 2000, which aspect of reading fluency has grown in emphasis?
• Which statement about the assessment of executive function is not true?
• What occurs when readers visualize while reading?
• Which skill is crucial for decoding CVC words?
• Which term describes memory for sounds and spoken language in working memory?
• Which statement best characterizes the relationship between executive function and reading performance as described?
• What is the primary purpose of morphological awareness instruction?
• The 2016 response introduced the Fluency Development Lesson (FDL). Who authored it and what was its focus?
• Which term best describes difficulties in language processing that impact academic skills?
• How should teachers support early writers in handwriting and spelling development?
• Ability to respond or react without attention or conscious effort describes which concept?
• Old English vocabulary is typically described as consisting of which type of words?
• A word pair that is similar in spelling and meaning across two languages is called a:
• Which concept supports decoding of multisyllabic words?
• Illiterate, rejection, survival and intervention are words from which language?
• Vocabulary knowledge contributes to which areas?
• What outcome did criticism of fluency-building practices lead to in schools?
• Which text features best support understanding of nonfiction?
• Which best supports vocabulary development for elementary readers?
• What is "onset and rime" in early literacy?
• A person who can quickly switch between tasks and adapt strategies shows high:
• Which activity best supports recognizing print concepts?
• When teaching longer words, which strategy is most effective?
• Which aspect is essential to reading fluency?
• What type of sensory feedback arises from finger and hand movement during letter formation?
• Since CCSS for English Language Arts, the most significant change in recommendations for reading comprehension instruction is:
• Why are strategies and activities based on semantic relationships important for vocabulary development?
• In language training, what term describes the associations between visual, auditory, kinesthetic, and tactile perceptions when learning letters, including writing in the air and on paper?
• Students demonstrating weak prior knowledge about topics addressed can be supported by:
• Which text structure is most associated with explaining causes and effects?
• During which period did Latinate and Greek-based words enter English?
• The number of word meanings a student recognizes refers to which concept?
• Reading in which the instructor and the student(s) read the passage aloud together describes which practice?
• A person who knows or uses several languages is called:
• A word in two languages that shares meaning, spelling, and pronunciation is called a(n):
• The ability to shift attention among competing stimuli and consider alternatives is called:
• Which statement best helps decode unfamiliar words by examining prefixes and suffixes?
• The Fluency Development Lesson (FDL) aims to improve reading through what key approach?
• Extremely poor handwriting or the inability to perform the motor movements required for handwriting. The condition is associated with neurological dysfunction.
• Which linguistic area does morpheme analysis primarily belong to?
• In collaborative literacy activities, which practice supports peer modeling?
• Tier 3 words are best described as:
• Which type of word recognition is most efficient for reading common words instantly?
• Which term is defined as reading words at an adequate rate with a high level of accuracy, appropriate expression, and understanding?
• What is the term for briefly describing the main points of what was read?
• The data used to decide progression through RTI tiers is typically
• The activity that provides students with the opportunity to hear what processes occur inside the head of a good reader is:
• Which activity supports predicting during reading?
• Interpreting progress-monitoring data requires which action?
• Which option best characterizes transparent orthographies?
• Cognitive flexibility involves:
• Which type of validity is based on appearance and can be misleading?
• Which term describes the ability to adapt behavior in response to changing demands?
• Which component is part of the writing process?
• Which statement would be least accurate regarding language-based learning disabilities?
• A reading of 92% accuracy would be categorized as which level?
• Which description best defines Tier 2 words?
• Working memory is defined as the ability to:
• Teachers should begin comprehension instruction by doing which of the following?
• Which statement about formative assessment is true?
• Tier 3 words can be characterized as:
• In a structured phonics lesson, which sequence is most appropriate?
• Which reading outcome is associated with handwriting practice according to research?
• Which data type best informs whether instruction is effective over time?
• For students who have dyslexia or have not mastered decoding skills, comprehension instruction should focus on which area?
• Which of the following is NOT a main component of executive function?
• Which punctuation marks are essential for signaling the end of a declarative sentence?
• What does ELL stand for?
• Which teaching strategies enhance executive function?
• Ability to read written words accurately and effortlessly describes which concept?
• A word pair with different meanings and spelling across languages is called a:
• Linked words such as the wording found in sentences, phrases, and paragraphs describe which concept?
• Which term describes a disorder in one or more of the basic processes involved in understanding or producing spoken or written language?
• Morphological awareness helps learners by?
• In linguistic terms, vocabulary refers to:
• What is finger agnosia?
• Which handwriting style features connected letters and a slanted appearance?
• Which scenario best illustrates cognitive flexibility?
• Guided reading is most effective when?
• Which term best describes Tier 1 words?
• A reading of 85% accuracy would be categorized as which level?
• Fluency affects verbal working memory primarily through which mechanism?
• Which term describes the ability to use words to solve problems by reasoning?
• Which senses are included in a multi-modal approach to handwriting?
• When selecting decodable texts for beginning readers, which feature is most important?
• Executive function is defined by which three main components?
• Which option correctly identifies Independent level?
• The process of holding onto and manipulating information is called?
• Which strategy best supports decoding unfamiliar words?
• Which method is preferred for teaching the meaning of the word intercommunication to an ELL?
• Which stroke is often a difficult linkage after the letters b, o, v, and w in cursive writing?
• The term bound bases refers to:
• Handwriting development is best supported by which practice?
• Which term describes a handwriting-related disability involving difficulty with fine motor skills?
• Which term is NOT a primary QAR category?
• Which practice most effectively supports independent reading growth for diverse learners?
• Executive function is best described as:
• Handwriting with the slanted strokes of successive characters joined and the angles rounded is called:
• Which property best ensures a literacy assessment is trustworthy?
• Fluency gains support verbal working memory by what mechanism?
• What term describes students forming a mental image of what is described in the text?
• Which statement best distinguishes literal comprehension from inferential comprehension?
• Spect, duct, and rupt are examples of what?
• The tendency to use either the left or the right side of the body; handedness is called:
• What is a key benefit of multisensory instruction in early literacy?
• What is the primary purpose of think-alouds in comprehension instruction?
• Reading in which the instructor reads a paragraph aloud and then the student(s) read it aloud after describes which practice?
• Which level is defined by reading a continuous text with 93-100% accuracy?
• Which statement reflects a readability-related benefit of handwriting?
• Tier 1 words are best described as:
• Which statement best defines phonemic awareness?
• Which practice involves succinctly describing the main ideas of the text after reading?
• Unconnected letters formed using arcs and straight lines are characteristic of which handwriting form?
• Which teaching approach combines multiple strategies into one program?
• What term describes words that have the same spelling but different meanings?
• Which term refers to the ability to switch between tasks or mental sets?
• Critics opposed a specific fluency-building practice, leading to its discontinuation in some schools. Which practice was it?
• What best characterizes sight word instruction?
• A foundation in the first language can benefit second language development.
• The National Assessment Governing Board recommendations for the percentages of literary versus informational texts increases the most through the grades for teaching which skill?
• The Fluency Development Lesson (FDL) was introduced by which researchers, and what did it emphasize?
• In assessing comprehension, which aspect is most associated with higher-order thinking?
• A reading comprehension strategy is best described as which of the following?
• Which group benefits most from comprehension instruction focused on listening to texts read aloud?
• Under IDEA 2004, the use of a discrepancy between IQ and achievement to determine an SLD is:
• Which option best captures a hallmark of cognitive flexibility?
• How would you describe the acquisition of word learning?
• The ability to speak, read, and write in two languages is called what?
• How should instruction differentiate for English Learners?
• What is the term for when students think about questions such as where or why to explore important ideas while reading?
• Which of the following is a letter-sound correspondence unique to Greek?
• Which approach best helps decode unfamiliar words by examining prefixes and suffixes?
• Which activity best builds alphabet knowledge?
• What is the main purpose of using a graphic organizer in comprehension instruction?
• Transparent orthographies are described as:
• Which concept describes using what you already know together with other clues to construct meaning and anticipate what will happen next?
• A student who has difficulty decoding written text due to language processing weaknesses would most likely be described as having:
• Students generate information that is important to constructing meaning but that is missing from, or explicitly stated in, the text.
• Which term best describes words not common in everyday language but used in specific domains?
• What is a key characteristic of effective vocabulary instruction in early literacy?
• Latinate and Greek-based words entered English during what time period?
• When a student realizes an initial approach to a problem isn't working and tries a different strategy, this demonstrates:
• In guided reading, which description best matches proximal text level?
• What does 'proximal text level' mean in guided reading?
• What is the term for the subconscious perception of movement and spatial orientation coming from stimuli within the body?
• Students pay attention to whether they understand what they are reading, and when they do not, they reread or use strategies that will help them understand what they have read.
• An English Language Learner (ELL) does not understand the phrase run of the mill; which component of language should the teacher address?
• Which statement describes drill in the context of reading sub-skills?
• Which strategy enhances understanding of word meaning through word structure analysis?
• The reading comprehension example that explicitly categorizes questions to see whether answers can be determined by referring back to the text or engaging higher level thinking based on personal knowledge is called what?
• Which term describes holding information in mind while solving a problem?
• The ability to use words to consider events and information, and to solve problems by using language is called?
• Which indicator best reflects fluent reading?
• Which punctuation marks are used to signal a question?
• The think-aloud strategy primarily develops which skill?
• The statement 'Teachers need to walk through the process of comprehending to show students how it is done' is best described as:
• Which statement best describes how decoding and vocabulary development are integrated in early literacy instruction?
• Which scenario best demonstrates scaffolding in a literacy lesson?
• A student who struggles with reading comprehension but can decode text well most likely has a difficulty in:
• In an integrated letter-learning activity, what sequence connects seeing a letter to its sound?
• Which statement best defines a language-based learning disability?
• Words that sound alike but have different spellings and meanings (e.g., bare and bear; fourth and forth).
• Which practice promotes equity in literacy instruction for diverse learners?
• Which factor is described as the major contributor to weak comprehension in young children?
• Which component of executive function is primarily involved in stopping impulsive actions?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between handwriting practice and spelling development?
• Which practice best aligns with providing definitional and contextual information in vocabulary instruction?
• Which statement reflects a benefit of handwriting related to language processing?
• Which comprehension strategy did the National Reading Panel identify as having the strongest evidence for effectiveness?
• Are learners able to transfer morphological awareness from their first language to aid literacy in additional languages?
• What function does cursive writing serve in forming word spelling units?
• Which statement best describes appropriate use of progress-monitoring data to guide instruction?
• Which approach is most effective for building vocabulary in early literacy?
• Which stage of the writing process follows drafting?
• Which of the following would most directly indicate a language-based learning disability?
• A literacy assessment tool should have which property to be trustworthy?
• Which statement accurately describes Echo reading?
• Print concepts include which understanding?
• Print directionality is foundational because it teaches students to do what?
• What best captures the purpose of asking questions during reading?
• An ELL whose native language is Spanish writes the word latter as larer. What is an effective corrective approach?
• Why might learners who have difficulty with executive function experience lesser motivation to read?
• Which assessment is commonly used for universal screening in early literacy?
• Which approach best supports vocabulary development?
• Which activity best demonstrates using kinesthetic feedback in handwriting practice?
• What best supports independent reading development?
• Periodic tune-ups in manuscript and/or cursive handwriting help prevent which outcome?
• Teachers feel least confident in their ability to teach which group?
• In comprehension instruction, which skill best supports making inferences?
• 3PV 3RQ is an evidence-based strategy for reading comprehension with adaptations for English language learners. Which of the following are components of 3PV 3RQ? (Choose the option that lists all six components.)
• Teaching students to use context to determine word meaning is an example of what kind of strategy?
• Which framework categorizes questions by whether answers lie in the text or require the reader's own knowledge?
• Studies show that learners can transfer morphological awareness skills from their first language to facilitate language and literacy development in a second and third language.
• A comprehensive approach to vocabulary instruction includes which of the following?
• Which practice best builds alphabet knowledge?
• Which activity most directly develops phonemic segmentation in early learners?
• Which is not one of the major influences of English?
• Which text feature best supports understanding a procedural text?
• The words of a language are most accurately referred to as:
• In a think-aloud reading activity, what is the primary purpose?
• Students think about what will happen next in the text. What is this strategy called?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between handwriting instruction and legibility?
• Which statement best describes the purpose of the think-aloud technique?
• Under IDEA 2004, regarding Specific Learning Disabilities, the law states that it:
• Which activity is least effective for building background knowledge before reading?
• Which technology provides an alternative to handwriting or keyboarding by recognizing spoken words?
• How should assessment results be used to support students' literacy growth?
• Which statement about morphological knowledge helps students with word meaning?
• The Spanish language has the same number of phonemes as the English language.
• What term describes the awareness of how word parts (morphemes) combine to form words?
• Poor executive function may reduce motivation to read because it impedes sustaining actions toward future goals.
• Reading a continuous text with 90-96% accuracy corresponds to which reading level?
• Reading a continuous text below 90% accuracy is categorized as which level?
• Which cognitive skill involves changing strategies when initial plans fail and adapting to new rules?
• Which strategy best builds background knowledge for comprehension?
• Which of the following are learning behaviors that reveal the use of executive function?
• Which term best describes reading that involves linked words across sentences, phrases, and paragraphs?
• What term describes active practice of sub-skills?
• Which activity most directly supports decoding unfamiliar words?
• Which statement about face validity is true?
• Which term describes handwriting formed with unconnected letters composed of arcs and straight lines?
• Which statement describes the relationship between executive function and reading ability as presented?
• Which statement describes print concepts knowledge?
• An effective indirect instructional approach is exemplified by which practice?
• Which strategy is used to anticipate what will happen next in a text?
• The strategic control of small sets of voluntary muscles such as in writing, grasping small objects, controlling eye movements, or producing speech is called what?
• How does oral language development relate to early literacy?
• Which is a principle of effective vocabulary instruction?